GM Strategic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

GM Strategic - Essay Example GM has made purposeful commitment to the environment i.e. to make continuous development as well as improvement by decreasing the harmful impact of environment which includes the issues like greenhouse gas releases and fuel economy in its broad assortment of quality vehicles (General Motors, 2012). From the perspective of the environmental issue with regard to the aspect of fuel economy, the valuable engineers belonging to the company are reinvesting as well as restructuring the various technological advancements for the purpose of enhancing the fuel economy, ensuring less release of greenhouse gases and most importantly diminishing its reliance on petroleum. In relation to the factor of the enhancement in fuel economy, it has been apparent that the company is consistently enhancing the competence of its gasoline-powered vehicles by the application of enhanced technological advancements which include dynamic fuel management, insertion of direct fuel and variable valve timing (General Motors, 2012). From the viewpoint of the other important environmental issue i.e. the release of greenhouse gases, the company has showed its deliberate commitment towards implementing the alternative fuels as well as the bio-fuels in order to decrease petroleum dependence along with lowering the release of greenhouse gases. In this context, it has been viewed that the company is the worldwide leader in the production of Flex-Fuel vehicles which operates on gasoline and E85 ethanol. This particular technological advancement of Flex-Fuel vehicles of the company can be observed in the cars as well as the trucks of the company (General Motors, 2012). There lie several strategic reasons for GM to emphasize upon the environmental factors which comprise the aspect of fuel efficiency and the release of greenhouse gases. One of the imperative reasons is about the deliverance of long-term value of the investments to the

The immune response Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The immune response - Coursework Example The macrophages engulf the pathogen entering the body and with the help of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) combine with the receptors on the T Cells. The type of pathogen entering the body depends as to where it would be taken by the antigen presenting cells. If it belongs to the group of viruses it would be presented to the CD-8 positive cytotoxic cell whereas if it is a microbe it would be presented to the CD-4 positive helper cells. The T Cells also have to be activated with the help of the lymphokines which are released by both the macrophages and t helper cells. The helper T cells produce lymphokines which further activate the inactive t helper cells and convert them to memory t cells which would be helpful in interacting with the pathogen on the second response. These lymphokines also help to enhance the MHC proteins on the antigen presenting cells and convert the immunological response into a broad spectrum of events. It is then that the T cells function by either d elaying the reactions of hypersensitivity or by killing the infected cells of the body (Hall & Guyton 2011; Levinson 2008). B Cell Response B cells constitute an important part of the humoral immunity by secreting antibodies against the antigens. The response of B cells to antigen is kind of different as the b cells themselves do not act upon the antigens. The B cells react by forming a complex with the antigens. They form similar B cells which are then converted into plasma cells. These plasma cells produce antibodies which can then act upon the antigens. These B cells also produce memory cells like the T cells which can act like quickly upon second exposure to the antigen. These antibodies can then perform different functions and deactivate the pathogens. Agglutination is one function of the antibodies through which they can destroy the pathogen (Ganong 2005; Levinson 2008). Passive Immunity Passive immunity is the type of resistance which one forms through antibodies which are pr eformed in another host. These antibodies are administered for certain types of bacteria and viruses. In some cases it is seen that passive immunity is also transferred naturally through fetus to the child and through breast feeding to the child. The advantage of passive immunity is that it helps to administer antibodies promptly whenever required, however the effects of antibodies are only limited and may last for a certain time (Levinson 2008; Kumar et al 2005). Active Immunity Active immunity is the type of resistance produced after contact with foreign antigens. This involves the usage of vaccines in the human body which allows exposure to a dead organism. This dead organism then helps to produce antibodies against the organism. In this case the immune system responds with a wide production of white blood cells and thus it is more helpful in preventing diseases. As the memory cells are formed in this type of immunity it is helpful in long term to prevent diseases. One disadvanta ge of active immunity is that the onset of the immunity is slow as compared to the passive immunity. It is because of this reason that in certain cases Passive-active immunity is preferred in which both the antibodies and vaccines are injected (Guyton & Hall 2011; Levinson 2008). Primary and Secondary Response Human body encounters the foreign antigens through different mechanisms. When a foreign antigen first enters the body the immune response is quite slow. The

Isaac Newton by James Gleick | Review

Isaac Newton by James Gleick | Review Trusha Patel Isaac Newton by James Gleick Opinion Isaac Newton was the most famous scientist of his generation and one of the most recognizable physicists of all time. He accomplished amazing feats; he â€Å"pushed open a door that led to a new universe† (8). Some of his major achievements include the application of the law of gravity to the motion of planets, the path of comets, and the influence of the moon on ocean tides. Gleick’s biography attempts to clearly portray for the reader the entirety of Newton’s life – his successes, his shortcomings, his obsession with both science and the non-scientific, and his good as well as bad mixture of qualities. Gleick successfully presents Newtons life about as well as one could conceive it being presented in 191 pages. One of Gleick’s greatest successes is his emphasis on Newton’s true characteristics. Students are taught that Newton was some sagacious man who believed in the welfare of humanity. Gleick, on the other hand, portrays Newton as how he thought Newton truly was: solitary, selfish, and paranoid even though he was extremely brilliant. The author states, â€Å"Isaac Newton said he had seen farther by standing on the shoulders of giants, but he did not believe it. He was born into a world of darkness, obscurity, and magic; led a strangely pure and obsessive life, lacking parents, lovers, and friends; quarreled bitterly with great men crossed his path; veered at least once to the brink of madness†¦and yet discovered more the of the essential core of human knowledge than anyone before or after† (3). These insightful descriptions of Newton’s state of mind widen the reader’s perspective on his life. They make the reader think of Newton beyond his scientif ic thoughts. Gleick describes Newton’s scientific and non-scientific pursuits. He specifically points out that Newton did not discover the entirety of motion with the falling of the apple. It took a long time with complex thinking and developments before Newton theorized gravitation. Newton had spent time learning about other concepts like optics as well. The author also sheds light on Newton’s obsession with the occult alchemy as well as with his repudiation of Trinitarianism. Furthermore, Gleick mentions Newton’s participation in Parliament and his control of the British mint. These actions help the reader understand Newton’s motivations. Gleick also does not refine the language from back in the day to make it modernized. Instead, he presents quotations in the original English from which they came. This becomes increasingly important when readers reach the section on the Principia because it would greatly connect to their physics studies if they were to read the original form of Newton’s laws and their implications. Gleick quotes, â€Å"Absolute, true, and mathematical time, in and of itself, and of its own nature†¦flows uniformly† (125). Gleick portrays Newton’s standardization of the term time. Through reading the seventeenth century language, science students become aware of the importance of precise language in physics. Gleick’s biography provides a complete portrayal of Newton from his peculiarities to his perseverance. The reader can readily perceive the change that occurred after Newton’s renovation of science. Gleick tells the reader, â€Å"What Newton learned remains the essence of what we know†¦We are Newtonians† (6). Through this book, we learn the origin of Newton’s thoughts which led to such a revolution in scientific thought. Biographical Analysis Newton’s life was shaped significantly by the world he lived in, and this molded the science that was churned out of his brilliant mind. Newton was born in the Woolsthorpe farm in England. Newton’s mother was widowed when Newton was only three years old. She married the wealthy Barnabas Smith, who did not want any kids. Newton ended up being raised by his grandmother. He grew up to be a shy schoolboy; â€Å"he was small, lonely, and abandoned† (11). Newton’s solitude would later lead to his incredible theories of the natural world. As a young boy, Newton spent his time learning about the workings of sundials and the movement of the night sky, noting observations that would later lead to his theory of gravitation. When Newton’s step-father died, his mother Hannah returned and sent the ten-year-old Newton to another school. In Newton’s new school, he was taught Latin and mathematics by Henry Stokes. He lived with the apothecary Clarke who furthered his scientific curiosity. All of these things along with his personal studies of light were inscribed in a notebook. Newton had learned the roots of scientific inquiry at an early age: he was classifying and analyzing at a very young age. When Newton was sixteen, his mother called him home to be a farmer, but he failed. As a result, Newton attended the prestigious University of Cambridge in Trinity College where he would later become famous. During his first three years at Cambridge, Newton was taught the standard curriculum but was fascinated with the more advanced science. All his spare time was spent reading from the modern philosophers. Even though he was a top student, Newton was reprimanded for religious negligence in a remarkably Anglican institution. Newton studied the Aristotelian worldview in which a force was necessary to keep an object in motion. He absorbed himself in the Trinity College library and â€Å"found his way to new ideas and polemics: from the French philosopher Renà © Descartes, and the Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei† (25). Both philosophers defied Aristotle explicitly; Descartes proposed geometrical and mechanical philosophy, while Galileo claimed that all bodies are made of the same stuff, which is heavy, and therefore fall at the same rate. In Newton’s second year, he started a new section about philosophical questions he had. The first was if atoms exist. Was matter continuous and infinitely divisible, or discontinuous and discrete? Is space finite or infinite? What is the nature of motion and light? Why do objects fall? From matter to motion, to light, to the structure of cosmos, Newton had ideas about everything. Newton concluded that force causes motion. He also occupied himself with the concepts sound, memory, magnetism, heat, and the tides. In 1664, Newton learned about Euclid’s Elements, from Cambridge University’s first professor of mathematics, Isaac Barrow. Unfortunately, in 1665, the Great Plague that was ravaging Europe had come to Cambridge, forcing the university to close. Newton was sent home but he still constantly had his attention focused on mathematics. Gleick writes, â€Å"he computed obsessively†¦ to conceive of infinite series and then learn to manipulate them was to transform the state of mathematics† (39). Newton formulated the Binomial theorem in the same year. It was a method to expand a sum to any power. Furthermore, Newton began to discover a method to determine the slope of a tangent line to a curve, which we call the â€Å"derivative.† Newton’s concern with all of this would become the foundation for calculus and physics. He chose not to publish, and decided to keep to himself. In 1666, Newton was trying to figure out how the attractive power between masses would diminish, and he learned that it lessens with the square of the distance. He questioned the movement of celestial bodies, such as the moon and earth wondering why they proceeded in a circular path. He needed precise terminology with definite units to facilitate his hypotheses, but â€Å"Writing in English, he was constrained by the language at hand† (59). The imprecise language was not sufficient enough to describe motion. Newton also explored optics and experiment with prisms. When the plague subsided in 1667, Newton returned to Cambridge. Newton and Barrow attacked the subject of cubic equations. He tried to sort all the curves into different groups. Barrow showed him a book by Nicholas Mercator called Logarithmotechnia. Mercator had a method of calculating logarithms from infinite series and this discovery shocked Newton. So Newton wrote a paper called â€Å"On Analysis by Infinite Series† and gave it to Barrow to post this to another Royal Society colleague. Although he wanted anonymity, his name was revealed. â€Å"It was the first transmission of Newton’s name south of Cambridge† (68). Even though Newton preferred solitude, people began to recognize his mathematical expertise. When Barrow retired, Newton took the position of the Lucasian Professor at the age of twenty-seven. Newton lectured his students on the mathematics of light refraction â€Å"with none of the romance or metaphor that usually ornamented the philosophy of ligh t† (71). The invention of telescopes had spurred intense interest in the properties of light. He then realized that the common refracting telescopes were inferior to reflecting telescopes because the seven colors of light created glare, so he spent a lot of his time constructing a powerful reflecting telescope, which Barrow gave to the Royal Society after two years. Soon after, Secretary Oldenburg urged Newton to let the Royal Society publish his findings on the reflecting telescope. He made Newton think foreigners might steal his ideas, so Newton became a member of the Royal Society. Newton wrote to Oldenburg that within three years, he would make a great philosophical discovery, and then he would formally join. His focus was optics at this time. He wrote to Oldenburg that white light was composed of seven colors as evidenced by the prism experiments. By now, Newton’s rivalry with Robert Hooke grew strong as Hooke proposed a wave theory of light, whereas Newton promoted a corpuscular theory. Not only Hooke, but also Huygens, â€Å"the great Dutch mathematician and astronomer, also favored the wave theory of light† (88). Newton became frustrated because he attempted to show that the particle nature of light followed from mathematics, whereas the others contended that this was wishful thinking on Newton’s part. Hooke and Newt on lashed at each other, claiming that the other was guilty of plagiarism. Oldenburg was adding to his paranoia; he used the discoveries of foreigners such as Wilhelm Gottfried Leibniz to make Newton reveal more and more of his secret studies, until Newton finally stopped all communication for two years. Around 1675, Oldenburg died and Hooke became the secretary of the Royal Society. Newton’s fears grew. Newton had another disagreement with Hooke over the relationship between orbits and falling objects. They were explaining the planet’s motion and both had come to believe in a body’s inherent force. Hooke proposed an inverse square explanation for elliptical orbits, and Newton possessed the mathematical ability to explain this. At this Hooke, â€Å"acknowledged Newton’s superior powers† (121). In 1684, astronomer Edmond Halley posed the question to Newton of elliptical orbits implying an inverse square relationship between gravity and distance. Newton sent him what he had already finished, but to continue, Newton needed to standardize the definitions of space and time. Such standardization led to Newton’s Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica. The totality of Newton’s studies of motion was in three volumes, with the only assumption being a gravitational force that diminishes with the square of the distance. His famous three laws of motion were in Principia: that an object in motion remains in motion unless acted upon by a net force, an object accelerates in the direction of that force, and if two bodies exert a force on one another, the forces are equal in magnitude, but opposite in direction. In Newton’s later years, he attempted to calculate the position of the moon. He then became the member of Parliament as well as Warden of the British mint. Following Hooke’s death, Newton became the President of the Royal Society as well as published Opticks, a piece on his experiments with light. On March 20, 1727, Newton died of a stone in his bladder. Newtonianism had profound influences on the world. His achievements revolutionized physics and mathematics and he has been recognized as an undisputed genius. Newton’s years of hard work resulted in a successfully description of this world. He played a major role in the advancement of the scientific community of his time and of today. Are Vitamin Supplements Effective? Are Vitamin Supplements Effective? Vitamins are organic compounds that are required in very little amounts for us to grow and live in and maintain good health, although they are a critical requirement for our body in order to survive; they are not compulsory but vitally important, According to Stanton, [1] implied[s] amine meaning life. But an inadequate amount of vitamin may cause disease and in some cases are highly detrimental. Vitamins help to protect against many diseases, it is estimated that theres 13 essentials vitamins which 4 is classified as fat-soluble (A, D, E and K) and 9 as water-soluble (8 Vitamin B and Vitamin C). The vitamins that are fat soluble are hydrophobic which ultimately to be soluble in fats; the fat globules (referred as chylomicrons) which are consistently absorbing this vitamins, that travels the lymphatic system of the small intestines and into the general blood circulation within the body. These vitamins are proclaimed as Vitamin E and A which then is stored in the tissue. Where in star k contrast the water-soluble are required as enzymes cofactors in a much wider variety of metabolic reactions, each of this water soluble vitamin are often seen to have its own membrane transport to help it process for absorption across enterocyte. [4] Vitamins are found in its natural forms are meat, fruit, dairy, vegetables and many other substances, but an advancement of science, scientist has revealed an alternative pathway for those who can take their vitamins in a form of tablets, gums, drops and capsules. This has been mixed with many other forms of compounds which include trace elements, electrolytes, spinach and/or broccoli extract. Not being able to undertake the recommended dosage of vitamins can lead to serious disease. There is a strong correlation between the rates of chronic disease and the increase level of vitamin D. The most common disease which has a strong positive relationship is rickets; which often can be reduced or cured by undertaking liver oil during the 20th century. Rickets cause weakens and soften the bones in children which could impact in skeletal abnormalities, defective growth, delicate bones and dental problems. While in adults, the deficiency of vitamin D can lead to osteomalacia and osteoporosis which weaken the bones. [4]. the insufficiency of any form of vitamins can have led to a serious health issue from CVD (cardiovascular disease),[3] Alzheimers [4] fat malabsorption, immunity, stomach and many more. [3]. by undertaking vitamins in its natural form (food; vegetables, fruits, dairy, meat etc.) it can help to limit the possibility of overdosing. Although theres a series of experime nts that has been conducted theres no ultimate answer that antioxidants helps to decrease or remove the risk of diseases such as CVD. [4] Both increase and decrease of vitamins can lead to health problems; possibly overdosing in vitamin supplement such as B3 may potentially lead to nausea, liver/nerve toxicity and jaundice. Dr. Weil [5] specifically states that most customers or patients often take supplements as they have just heard it advertised. An excessive amount of iron supplements can lead to risk of cancer and heart disease, as iron is an oxidizing agent [5] Although vitamins have contributed as an alternative for those who cant consume it natural forms, the epidemiological studies has concluded that those whose diet are high in vegetable consumption may lower the incidence of cancer and other vitamin deficiency, this helps to decrease the expenditure of meat and feat while increasing the dosage of fiber content. [2]. However some research has proven that Vitamin E supplementation helps to lower the CVD; but generally this is often reflected in an individuals lifestyle. [6][4]. There is several of data that demonstrate that vitamin supplementation on regular basis did not justify the routine of antioxidant supplements for the preventive and treatment of CVD or lowering it. [8] Supplementation carries out several of chemicals that may trigger the mind and the body of an individual which can have a detrimental effect on them. Based on several experiments it is evaluated that vitamins contain a vegetable extract and other compounds such as having an adverse effect and may interact with warfarin and aluminum. [9]. There is significant amount of data, experiment that analysis that justifies that using antioxidant vitamin supplements for CVD, and other disease does not necessarily reduces the risk of reduction. A great healthy lifestyle by consuming the right amount of vegetable and fruits will help decrease the risk of immune deficiency etc. Multi-vitamins can be used as an alternative pathway for those who are not able to consume them, but should not be used on regular basis which is a dangerous practice.

Legislation is NOT the Best Way to Ban Smoking :: Argumentative Persuasive Example Essays

Legislation is NOT the Best Way to Ban Smoking A market represents the private forces of demand and supply. Consumers aim to consume goods and services with lower prices and greater quantities while producers want to maximize their profits. A market diagram uses demand and supply curves to show the relationship between market demand and supply. These demand and supply curves are labeled as â€Å"private demand† and â€Å"private supply†, that is, the private benefits and the private costs. But those private activities always affect others, both positively and negatively. Those positive and negative effects are not represented in the market model; they are external to the market, known as externalities[1]. There are two kinds of externalities: positive externalities and negative externalities. In the extract, cigarettes are negative externality, which means they have bad effects on others and those effects are not paid by the producers. For example, when people smoke, especially in public places, e.g. restaurants and department stores, they pollute the air rounded and threaten others’ health. No one pays for the bad feelings caused by smokers and cigarettes. In this way, â€Å"market failure† exists. If the external costs could be measured and valued a new supply curve could be drown to present this. In this figure, the social costs have been added to the private costs to produce a new supply curve. The private supply curve shifts to left. When the supply curve shifts from Smpc to Smsc, the market prices increase from pp to ps and the quantity traded is reduced from qp to qs. Cigarettes are demerit goods which cause negative externalities. Because of their characters, producers get huge profits from them. So they are overprovided in the market, just like alcohol. The consumption of cigarettes always has negative effects on other people. It causes cancer, and may cut down human life-span. In order to internalize the negative externalities, government should interfere in the market. There are several ways to do that. One method government may employ is negative advertising to reduce private demand for demerit goods. People will consider the bad effects caused by demerit goods before purchasing or reduce the consumption on such goods that means private demand curve will shift to right. On the other hand, the supply curve shifts to left because of the costs of bad effects added to the factor costs of the products. The transaction of that goods decreases. After government applying negative advertising to public, the total transaction will decrease again because demand decreases. According to the diagram above, the quantity transferred in the market drops from qp to qs first, and then, to qt. This method is very common nowadays, especially for Legislation is NOT the Best Way to Ban Smoking :: Argumentative Persuasive Example Essays Legislation is NOT the Best Way to Ban Smoking A market represents the private forces of demand and supply. Consumers aim to consume goods and services with lower prices and greater quantities while producers want to maximize their profits. A market diagram uses demand and supply curves to show the relationship between market demand and supply. These demand and supply curves are labeled as â€Å"private demand† and â€Å"private supply†, that is, the private benefits and the private costs. But those private activities always affect others, both positively and negatively. Those positive and negative effects are not represented in the market model; they are external to the market, known as externalities[1]. There are two kinds of externalities: positive externalities and negative externalities. In the extract, cigarettes are negative externality, which means they have bad effects on others and those effects are not paid by the producers. For example, when people smoke, especially in public places, e.g. restaurants and department stores, they pollute the air rounded and threaten others’ health. No one pays for the bad feelings caused by smokers and cigarettes. In this way, â€Å"market failure† exists. If the external costs could be measured and valued a new supply curve could be drown to present this. In this figure, the social costs have been added to the private costs to produce a new supply curve. The private supply curve shifts to left. When the supply curve shifts from Smpc to Smsc, the market prices increase from pp to ps and the quantity traded is reduced from qp to qs. Cigarettes are demerit goods which cause negative externalities. Because of their characters, producers get huge profits from them. So they are overprovided in the market, just like alcohol. The consumption of cigarettes always has negative effects on other people. It causes cancer, and may cut down human life-span. In order to internalize the negative externalities, government should interfere in the market. There are several ways to do that. One method government may employ is negative advertising to reduce private demand for demerit goods. People will consider the bad effects caused by demerit goods before purchasing or reduce the consumption on such goods that means private demand curve will shift to right. On the other hand, the supply curve shifts to left because of the costs of bad effects added to the factor costs of the products. The transaction of that goods decreases. After government applying negative advertising to public, the total transaction will decrease again because demand decreases. According to the diagram above, the quantity transferred in the market drops from qp to qs first, and then, to qt. This method is very common nowadays, especially for

My life Essay

1.My name is miyuru niwan hettige.I am 28 years old. I was born in Badulla on 10,September,1984.I am the middle in my family. My parents were very happy when i was born. I have one brother and one sister. Brother is elder than me and sister is younger than me. My father was Clark and mother was a teacher. When we were In Monaragala we rented a house. After three years we came to my mother’s home town at Haputhale and built a house there. Since that time we are living In Haputhale. 2.I have done my primary education in B/ Weerakoongama vidyalaya .It is situated in Haldummulla divisional secretariat area. During that period I was very naughty and fight with others. But each term test I was became 1st. In 1995 I was passed year 5 scholarship and I obtain 166 marks as highest marks obtain within the zonal. Then I entered to the Nalanda college Colombo for my secondary education. That is the period which changed my life. Nalanda collage is one of main Buddhist school in Sri Lanka. I was boarded at school’s hostel due to long distance from my home place. At the hostel I learnt how mange myself and. Earlier it was bit harder to adapt to environment and to away from my mother, father, and sister. when I entered to the Nalanda brother also a student there. Because he also entered to the Nalanda College on previous reason of got through from the year 5 scholarships. However I have done lot of extra activities there. I was member of school Hockey and Football team. Same time I was member and vice president of science society. I have done my O/L exam in year 2000 and I got 7 distinction and 3 credit passes. I have done my A/L examination in year 2003 and I got 1 B pass and 02 C passes. Then I followed a driving course in a learner’s school and obtained driving license. At the same time I applied many applications for various occupations. But Luckily I had a chance to join to Sri Lanka Navy. 3.1st February 2005 was the one of unforgettable day of my life. At that day I joined to Sri Lanka navy as officer cadet. There were 40 officer cadets joined with me to the intake of 42.then we were trained for lead the future war. We underwent lot of hard training at that time period. we got a opportunity to on board INS Tharangani we was able to sail from Colombo to Trincimalee. It was five days voyage and we got lots of experience. I was commissioned on 27 April 2007 as Acting sub Lieutenant. During my training period I was 7th in position. 4.After my commissioning I got my 1st appointment as additional officer onboard SLNS Shakthi ship and complete 8 months there .Then I went to India for my sub lieutenant technical course. I had good experience as well as nice chance to interact with foreign officers and share knowledge with them during that period I went to various parts in India for learn various technical subjects. I secured 6th place in academics among 20 other officers. Same time I visited lot of interesting places in India such as Goa city Hyderabad city, saw some waterfall, ect. 5.In 2008 I returned to Sri Lanka and took over appointment as 3rd in command onboard fast attack craft P437. I had a many battle experience during that period. Because final phase of humanitarian operation going on that time. I was serve fast attack craft until end of the war. then I promoted as Lieutenant on 2009and appointed as 2nd in command onboard fast attack. 6.Craft P417, after that I served onboard ship A523 ,ex princes crishsntha which is took over from LTTE. then I obtained my degree certificate from Kelaniya university, as bachelor of Naval studies. It was a result of 3 year training programme including foreign training. It was the highest education certificate I obtained in my career. 7.After complete 4 year service in various crafts and ships I took over my 1st shore appointment which is additional officer SLNS Elara. It is the oldest shore establish in northern peninsula which controlled by Sri Lanka Navy. Firstly I was appointed as officer in charge of sailors advance training school. In addition I have to look after boat officer duties also.SLNS Elara is the one of nice base I ever served. I think it is honour to serve that kind of environment in northern part of Sri Lanka. Other thing is one of famous Buddhist temple situated In that area as well as all the assistance given by this base. I had very good experience during that period. Finally I was appointed as manager of naval sewing centre in Delft Island. It is staff officer appointment and I was under commander northern naval area. It also new experience for me and I have to work with civil girls who are in Delft Island. Normally this type of appointment holds by logistic officers. But as a new concept naval head quarters has decided to appoint executive officers for this appointment. I learned about garment field, How to prepare salary, EPF, ETF, how to deal with cheque, who to prepare account, etc. When I turn back it was many memorable incidents in my life. I ‘ill never forget that day I enter to Nalanda collage.It was turning point of my life. The day I joined Sri Lanka Navy is also memorable for my life. The day that Elam war has ended after 32 years also, one ofthe unforgettable day of my life. I feel proud about my self being part of that humanitarian operation. My father’s expired day was the worst ever experience I ever had. Changed entire my life after that incident. Still painful for remind that incident. Because hero of my life was my beloved father. At that period he was appointed as confidential secretary of examination department. I played many sports during my school period and among them cricket is the favorite game as well as watch cricket is one of my hobby. Other than that I like to visit all over the world. Im still single and expecting to Marie near future.

Kotler Principles of Marketing Essay

Objective 1: Define marketing and outline the steps in the marketing process. Objective 2: Explain the importance of understanding the marketplace and customers and identify the five core marketplace concepts. Objective 3: Identify the key elements of a customer-driven marketing strategy and discuss the marketing management orientations that guide marketing strategy. Objective 4: Discuss customer relationship management and identify strategies for creating value for customers and capturing value from customers in return. Objective 5: Describe the major trends and forces that are changing the marketing landscape in this age of relationships. Objective 1: Define marketing and outline the steps in the marketing process. Marketing is managing profitable customer relationships. Or: Marketing is the process by which companies create value for customers and build strong customer relationships in order to capture value from customers in return. Steps in the marketing process: 1. Understanding customer needs 2. Designing customer-driven marketing strategies 3. Designing integrated marketing programs 4. Building customer relationships 5. Capturing value for the firm Figure 1.1 from page 27Create value for customers and build ‘’relationships final step Objective 2: Explain the importance of understanding the marketplace and customers and identify the five core marketplace concepts. Five core customer and marketplace concepts: 1. Needs, wants, and demands Needs: Physical need like food, clothing, warmth and safety Wants: Human needs shaped by culture: Americans need food (Big Mac) Demands: When wants are backed by buying power they become demands 2. Market offerings (products, services, and experiences) Consumers’ needs and wants are fulfilled through market offerings; Think of products, services or experiences (such as information) Marketing myopia is focusing too much on the specific products a company offers than to the benefits and experiences produced by these products. Example: Railroads assumed themselves to be in the railroad business rather than in the transportation business. Passengers and freight transportation in general grew, but they choose for cars, trucks, airplanes, etc. making railroad transportation declining. The reason they defined their industry incorrectly was that they were railroad oriented instead of transportation oriented; they were product oriented instead of customer oriented. 3. Value and satisfaction Customer value and satisfaction are key blocks for developing and managing customer relationships. The customer is looking for value and satisfaction and will buy accordingly to the company that offers the best. Expectations shouldn’t be too high or too low. 4. Exchanges and relationships Exchange is the act of OBTAINING a desired object from someone by OFFERING something IN RETURN. Examples are [Political candidate: votes] [Church: members] [orchestra: audience]. 5. Market A market is the set of all ACTUAL and POTENTIAL buyers of a product or service. All below are influenced by major environmental forces. Objective 3: Identify the key elements of a customer-driven marketing strategy and discuss the marketing management orientations that guide marketing strategy. –